The main purpose of applying EM data is to improve exploration decision making. "As a geoscientist working in an oil company which values integration, we try to maximise the use of data that add to our decision-making process and improve the chances of finding oil and gas," says Jonny Hesthammer, Vice President Technology with Rocksource, a Norwegian oil company that proactively uses CSEM (controlled-source electromagnetic data) in their exploration efforts in the North Sea and elsewhere.

Hydraulic fracturing has unlocked a vast, new oil and gas resource from very tight rocks. Innovative developments in nanotechnology are poised to make hydraulic fracturing more efficient, accountable, and much safer for the environment.